Studies on the gut
microbiome and the balance in this microbial ecosystem have been of great
interest in the past decade. The human digestive tract has an immense assortment
of microorganisms and the balance in this ecological niche is dependent on
several factors including gastric acidity and motility etc. Gut microbial
disturbances or dysbiosis may cause an assortment of illnesses or anomalous
physiological states. Infections caused by pathogens and /or exposure to
antibiotics can change the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem and create the
opportunity for opportunists to overgrow and translocate to extra-intestinal
niches. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are
well-known opportunists and nosocomial pathogens. They appear to have the
opportunity and the ability to promote intestinal and respiratory infections.
They are largely the cause of morbidity and mortality in both hospital and
community settings. These pathogens remain the important cause of pulmonary
infections in the case of Cystic fibrosis patients with a worldwide prevalence.
Although antibiotics are still an effective means of treating bacterial
infections, the alarming rise of multi-drug-resistant bacteria has urged us to
seek new therapeutic approaches. Thus, there is a need for the development of
potent antimicrobials for the effective treatment of infections.
Currently, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species are pulling in incredible enthusiasm as health supplements due to expanded familiarity of the beneficial roles in health and nutrition. There is evidence that maintaining a balanced intestinal microbial ecosystem can antagonize the access of respiratory and enteric pathogens. Probiotic bacteria play role in keeping the gut microbial ecosystem stable by re-establishing normal microbiota and can possibly repress pathogen colonization via modulation of the immune response.
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