Sequestering Atmospheric Carbon dioxide

The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing by some 2 ppm annually due to multiple natural sources which may include volcanic outgassing, the combustion of organic matter, and human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuel. It is also produced by various microorganisms as a result of fermentation and cellular respiration. CO₂ is present in the Earth's atmosphere at a low concentration and its acts as a major contributor to greenhouse gases (GHG). The rapid increase in the level of carbon dioxide is considered a primary contributor to global warming.

Another environmental factor that interacts with elevated CO₂ is atmospheric ozone. A high atmospheric concentration of ozone produces detrimental effects on plant leaves and it also decreases plant growth and photosynthesis. The site of action of ozone injury to plants is the internal tissues of leaves. Decreased stomatal openings under elevated CO₂ can therefore decrease the exposure of sensitive tissues to ozone. Moreover, rising levels of CO₂ are likely to have significant effects on plant growth, physiology, and chemistry.

Exposure to CO₂ can have devastating effects on a person’s health as well. Headaches, dizziness, increased sweating, and elevated heart rate are to name a few. It is, therefore, imperative not only to lower the emissions but also to find means of sequestering atmospheric CO₂ over distant future.

The principle procedure in green biotechnology is to sequester and transform atmospheric CO₂ is plant photosynthesis followed by its translocation below ground into plant roots. Green plants can, and already do contribute positively to reducing CO₂ emissions and anticipating the impact of climate change. Further research activities including plant genetic engineering is required to enhance carbon sequestration in above and below-ground plant biomass.

Carbon sequestration chamber:

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Sindh HEC Research and Technology Showcase 2022